01
How the Web Works
Local servers, HTTP, headers, caching, origins, ports, CDNs, and DNS — from localhost to production.
HTTP
DNS
CDN
Cache-Control
02
The Network Layer
TCP handshakes, HTTP/2 multiplexing, TLS certificates, WebSockets, and why REST and GraphQL make different trade-offs.
TCP
TLS
HTTP/2
WebSockets
03
Auth & Security
Cookies, sessions, JWTs, OAuth 2.0, CSRF, XSS, and a deep dive into CORS preflight requests.
JWT
OAuth
CORS
CSRF
04
Databases & APIs
SQL indexes, relational vs NoSQL, pagination patterns, job queues, and the N+1 problem ORMs hide.
SQL
Postgres
REST
Queues
05
Frontend Performance
The browser rendering pipeline, JS loading strategies, image formats, bundle analysis, and Core Web Vitals.
CWV
LCP
Vite
Rendering
06
Infrastructure & Deployment
CI/CD pipelines, Docker containers, secrets management, feature flags, and production observability.
Docker
CI/CD
GitHub Actions
07
System Design
Load balancing, microservices vs monolith, rate limiting, real-time systems, and end-to-end feature design.
Scaling
SSE
Idempotency